Mbugua J. Kamau, & Waswa G. Andati2026-10-262025-05-29https://repository.nrf.go.ke/handle/123456789/1665Kenya’smunicipalitiesareexperiencingrapidurbanization,whichhasledtoasignificantincreaseinthegenerationoforganicwaste,particularlyfromslaughterhouses,open-airmarkets,andwastewatersystems.Poormanagementofthiswastecontributesheavilytoenvironmentalpollution,publichealthhazards,andgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.Thisstudyinvestigatessustainablepathwaysformanagingmunicipalorganicwaste,withafocusonwaste-to-bioenergyandwaste-to-biofertilizersolutionsasintegralcomponentsofclimateaction.Thisresearchemphasizestheuntappedpotentialofanaerobicdigestionandcompostingtechnologiestoconvertslaughterandmarketwastesintovaluableenergyandagriculturalinputs.Italsoexaminestheroleofdecentralizedtreatmentsystemsinmitigatingmethaneemissionsandenhancingurbansanitation.GroundedinKenya'spolicycontextandsupportedbyrecentliterature;thestudyoutlinesthetechnical,institutional,andfinancialbarrierstoadoptingcircularwastestrategies.Itproposesamulti-stakeholderapproachinvolvinglocalgovernments,privatesectoractors,anddevelopmentpartnerstoimplementscalable,low-carbonsolutions.Thepaperconcludeswithtargetedrecommendationsaimedatimprovingsourcesegregation,promotingdecentralizedbiogasandcompostingsystems,enforcingwastewatertreatmentregulations,andunlockingclimatefinanceopportunities.Thesestrategies,ifwell-executed,couldtransformKenya’surbanwastelandscapeintoadriverofgreengrowth,publichealth,andenvironmentalsustainabilityBio-enegyBio-fertilizerClimate ActionMunicipalitiesSustainability