Browsing by Author "Babu, J. M."

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  • Publication
    Publication
    Assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contamination in relation to physico-chemical parameters in the Upper River Kuja Catchment, Kenya (East Africa)
    (International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2018-12) Nyaundi, J. K.; Getabu, A. M.; Kengara, F.; Onchieku, J.; Njiru, M.; Kinaro, Z. O.; Babu, J. M.; Sitoki, L. M.; Nyamweya, C.; Osoro, E. M.
    Concentrations of 17 organochlorine pesticides residues (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, deltaHCH, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin, Endosulfan I, Dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, Endosulfan II, p,p’-DDD, Endrin aldehyde, p,p’-DDE, Endosulfan sulfate, Heptachlor epoxide and Methoxychlor) were analysed in water and sediment from Upper River Kuja catchment, Kenya, between January-October 2015, using GasChromatography (GC) with (GC-ECD) equipment. Nutrient levels and water quality parameters: pH (7.57±0.354), secchi disk (0.05±0.019), dissolved oxygen (DO) (6.96±0.897), temperature (25.39±2.201), conductivity (62.03±23.123) and hardness (26.39±6.063) contributed to significant variations in organochlorine pesticide residue levels observed. Statistical significance differences (p<0.05) between water quality parameters in the sampling stations occurred. Pesticide concentrations ranged within BDL – 0.263µgl-1 , for Heptachlor, BDL – 0.506 µgl-1 Heptachlor epoxide, BDL – 0.506 Aldrin, BDL – 0.014 Dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, BDL – 0.644 p,p’-DDE, BDL – 0.176 p,p’-DDD, and BDL – 2.220 methoxychlor. Sediment pesticide residues were higher during rainy period. Results indicate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exist in our environment, and recent use in sampled area. Increased aquatic monitoring is recommended to detect persistency and changes in target environment.
  • Publication
    Publication
    Assessment of the microbial load of Nyanchwa-Riana and Nyakomisaro-Riana Rivers, Kisii, Kenya
    (International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2015-06-26) OgendiG, M.; Getabu, A.; Onchieku, J.; Babu, J. M.
    Water is an elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to mankind and other animal and plant species living on the planet earth. Water quality was assessed in two parallel rivers flowing through Kisii town. Parameters assessed were; Electrical Conductivity, TDS, TSS, pH, temperature, total and fecal coliform counts monthly for 18 months along five sampling sites in the rivers’ transects. Mean TDS in Nyanchwa and Nyakomisaro rivers were 142.59±22.68 mgL-1 and 96.62±11.76 mgL-1 respectively. Nyanchwa had an overall EC of 110.35±2.09 μScm-1 while Nyakomisaro had 107.55±4.15 μScm-1. EC was also correlated with TDS, temperature, TSS, T-coli and F-Coli at all sites. TSS in Nyanchwa River and Nyakomisaro ranged from 2.00 – 396 mgL-1 with an overall mean of 53.86±5.67 mgL-1 and 56.38±6.45mgL-1 respectively. TSS had significant differences in sampling sites and was above the recommended NEMA levels of 30 mgL-1. F-Coli was strongly correlated with the T-Coli in the two rivers. Nyanchwa had an overall mean of fecal and total coliforms of 740± 94 cells100ml-1 and 627 ±112 cells100ml-1 respectively while Nyakomisaro had an overall mean of fecal coliform counts of 786±104 cells100ml-1 and mean total coliform counts were 842±105 cells100ml-1. Chlorophyll-a in both rivers was not significantly different across the sampling sites. Both rivers had chlorophyll-a concentrations beyond 10μgL-1. The results suggested that environmental loading of pollutants from car washing sites, leaked sewage, defecation in the bushes, organic wastes and dumping soils from construction sites adversely altered natural stream water quality dynamics, underlining the need for improved management practices, including controlling leachate from dumpsites into the rivers to minimize the large-scale escape of pollutants into the rivers.
  • Publication
    Publication
    Assessment of the microbial load of Nyanchwa-Riana and Nyakomisaro-Riana Rivers, Kisii, Kenya
    (Semantic Scholar, 2015-07-01) OgendiG, M.; Getabu, A.; Onchieku, J.; Babu, J. M.
    Water is an elixir of life, a precious gift of nature to mankind and other animal and plant species living on the planet earth. Water quality was assessed in two parallel rivers flowing through Kisii town. Parameters assessed were; Electrical Conductivity, TDS, TSS, pH, temperature, total and fecal coliform counts monthly for 18 months along five sampling sites in the rivers’ transects. Mean TDS in Nyanchwa and Nyakomisaro rivers were 142.59±22.68 mgL-1 and 96.62±11.76 mgL-1 respectively. Nyanchwa had an overall EC of 110.35±2.09 μScm-1 while Nyakomisaro had 107.55±4.15 μScm-1. EC was also correlated with TDS, temperature, TSS, T-coli and F-Coli at all sites. TSS in Nyanchwa River and Nyakomisaro ranged from 2.00 – 396 mgL-1 with an overall mean of 53.86±5.67 mgL-1 and 56.38±6.45mgL-1 respectively. TSS had significant differences in sampling sites and was above the recommended NEMA levels of 30 mgL-1. F-Coli was strongly correlated with the T-Coli in the two rivers. Nyanchwa had an overall mean of fecal and total coliforms of 740± 94 cells100ml-1 and 627 ±112 cells100ml-1 respectively while Nyakomisaro had an overall mean of fecal coliform counts of 786±104 cells100ml-1 and mean total coliform counts were 842±105 cells100ml-1. Chlorophyll-a in both rivers was not significantly different across the sampling sites. Both rivers had chlorophyll-a concentrations beyond 10μgL-1. The results suggested that environmental loading of pollutants from car washing sites, leaked sewage, defecation in the bushes, organic wastes and dumping soils from construction sites adversely altered natural stream water quality dynamics, underlining the need for improved management practices, including controlling leachate from dumpsites into the rivers to minimize the large-scale escape of pollutants into the rivers.
  • Publication
    Publication
    Effects of point source pollution on water quality, phytoplankton diversity and abundance in lake Victoria, Kenya
    (Semantic Scholar, 2015-05-01) Babu, J. M.; SitokiL, M.; Ogendi, G. M.; Getabu, A.; Akunga, P. N. G. N. B.; Nyaundi, J.; Njiru, J.; Mwayuli, G.; Olilo, C.
    Water quality deterioration remains a major problem in most fresh water lakes. This study was conducted to establish the extent of water quality deterioration in Kisumu Bay of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria. The overall objective was to assess the effects of point source pollution on water quality and phytoplankton community structure. Sampling stations were selected randomly all over the bay and marked with a global positioning system (G.P.S). Triplicate samples of dissolved oxygen concentration, conductivity, ammonia, nutrients, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton were taken for laboratory analysis. Mean overall dissolved oxygen concentration was 7.41±1.39 mg l-1. Mean conductivity level was 142.39±63.786 µScm-1 whereas mean soluble reactive phosphorus level was 330.02±311.9 mg l-1. The mean overall chlorophyll a level was 592.9± 604.4 mg l-1 indicating that the bay is eutrophic. The Duncan multiplernrange test showed significant variability of the means of this parameters at different sampling sites at p=0.005. At 46%, the diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton family in the bay. There were significant differences in distribution of different phytoplankton taxa at different sampling sites (p=0.0001). The results of this study can be used to formulate management options for the improvement of water quality in the Kisumu Bay of Lake Victoria.