Browsing by Author "Harald Rohm"

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    Debranched Cassava Starch Crystallinity Determination by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation of Features in Raman Spectra with X-Ray Diffraction And 13C CP/MAS NMR Spectroscopy
    (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012-01-04) Christopher Mutungi; Lars Passauer; Calvin Onyango; Doris Jaros; Harald Rohm
    Because starch crystallinity influences the physical, mechanical, and technological aspects of numerous starch-based products during production and storage, rapid techniques for its assessment are vital. Samples of different levels of crystallinity were obtained by debranching gelatinized cassava starch, followed by subjection to various hydrothermal treatments. The recrystallized products were further subjected to partial hydrolysis with a mixture of α-amylase and glucoamylase prior to freeze–drying. Crystallinities were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and correlated with FT-Raman spectra features. XRD crystallinities ranged between 0 and 58%, and agreed with crystalline-phase fractions (R2 = 0.99) derived from the respective 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra. A strong linear correlation was found between crystallinities and integrated areas of the skeletal mode Raman band at 480 cm−1 (R2 = 0.99). With appropriate calibration, FT-Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for rapid determination of starch crystallinity.
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    Dynamic Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Enzyme-Resistant Recrystallized Cassava Starch
    (American Chemical Society, 2011-01-24) Christopher Mutungi; Stefan Schuldt; Calvin Onyango; Yvonne Schneider; Doris Jaros; Harald Rohm
    The interaction of moisture with enzymeresistant recrystallized starch, prepared by heat-moisture treatment of debranched acid-modified or debranched non-acid-modified cassava starch, was investigated in comparison with the native granules. Crystallinities of the powdered products were estimated by X-ray diffraction. Moisture sorption was determined using dynamic vapor sorption analyzer and data fitted to various models. Percent crystallinities of native starch (NS), non-acidmodified recrystallized starch (NAMRS), and acid-modified recrystallized starch (AMRS) were 39.7, 51.9, and 56.1%, respectively. In aw below 0.8, sorption decreased in the order NS > NAMRS > AMRS in line with increasing sample crystallinities but did not follow this crystallinity dependence at higher aw because of condensation and polymer dissolution effects. Adsorbed moisture became internally absorbed in NS but not in NAMRS and AMRS, which might explain the high resistance of the recrystallized starches to digestion because enzyme and starch cannot approach each other over fairly sufficient surface at the molecular level.