Browsing by Author "Naluyange, Victoria"

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  • Publication
    Publication
    Belowground Influence of Rhizobium Inoculant and Water Hyacinth Composts on Yellow Bean Infested by Aphis fabae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum under Field Conditions
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016-04-22) Naluyange, Victoria; Ochieno, Dennis; Wandahwa, Philip; Odendo, Martins; Maingi, John; Amoding, Alice; Ombori, Omwoyo; Mukaminega, Dative; Muoma, John
    Rhizobium inoculant has been developed for bean production in Lake Victoria basin. Two types of compost have been developed, water hyacinth compost with cattle manure culture (H+CMC) or with effective microbes (H+EM). Influence of Rhizobium and composts on Aphis fabae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were investigated in the field. Rhizobium and hyacinth composts increased nodulation (×2 to 5); while Aphis fabae population increased (×2) on Rhizobium-inoculated plants with H+EM. Incidence of C. lindemuthianum was high in Rhizobium-inoculated plants. Plants that received diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer had few nodules, reduced germination, slow growth and low yields. In conclusion, the water hyacinth composts contain beneficial microbes that promote root nodulation by Rhizobium, which is necessary for nitrogen fixation, while enhancing tolerance to aboveground infestations by A. fabae and C. lindemuthianum. We raise questions on our results to stimulate research, considering that bean breeding programs in Africa have mainly focused on microbial pathogens, and not insect pests.
  • Publication
    Publication
    Compatibility of Rhizobium inoculant and water hyacinth compost formulations in Rosecoco bean and consequences on Aphis fabae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infestations
    (Elsevier, 2014-04-01) Naluyange, Victoria; Ochieno, Dennis; Maingi, John; Ombori, Omwoyo; Mukaminega, Dative; Amoding, Alice; Odendo, M.; Okoth, S.; Shivoga, William; Muoma, John
    The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris is an important crop for food security and nitrogen fixation through Rhizobium symbiosis. Commercial Rhizobium inoculants are being promoted to fix nitrogen and enhance bean production in the Lake Victoria basin. Rhizobium symbiosis depends on nutrients, especially phosphorus, which is widely applied as diammonium phosphate (DAP) in the Lake Victoria basin. Water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae) is being developed into compost, with perceived benefits of improving crop production and limiting its disastrous spread in Lake Victoria. High nutrient content in water hyacinth compost can stimulate Rhizobium nodulation and nitrogen fixation, consequently improving plant growth and pest resistance. However, it is not yet established whether Rhizobium inoculants and water hyacinth composts are compatible options for plant growth promotion and pest suppression in beans. A field experiment with two trials was conducted to assess the compatibility of commercial Rhizobium inoculant, DAP, cattle farmyard manure (FYM), and four formulations of water hyacinth compost i.e., water hyacinth only (H), with molasses (H+Mol), cattle manure culture (H+CMC) or effective microbes (H+EM). Rhizobium inoculated plants had high number of root nodules when grown with H+CMC and H+EM. Plants were large in size with short development period when grown with the composts, especially H+CMC and H+EM. Those grown with H+EM produced high number of flowers. Rhizobium inoculated plants had high anthracnose incidence than non-inoculated ones when grown with H+CMC. Those grown with H+EM had low anthracnose incidence, but was high in FYM. During flowering, Rhizobium inoculated plants had higher Aphis fabae population than non-inoculated ones when grown in FYM or without fertilizer. Those grown with H+EM had the lowest A. fabae population. Yields in water hyacinth compost were improved, especially for H+CMC in the second trial. DAP treated plants had more flowers and pods having heavy seeds, with low anthracnose and A. fabae infestations; but had low germination rates that reduced the yields. In conclusion, the commercial Rhizobium inoculant is predominantly compatible with water hyacinth compost formulations containing effective microbes and cattle manure culture, which could enhance tolerance of bean plants to aphids and possibly to anthracnose disease. These two water hyacinth compost formulations need further investigation for their potential in enhancing food production and alleviating the water hyacinth problem in the Lake Victoria basin.
  • Publication
    Publication
    Performance of Mwitemania Bean Under the Influence of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium Inoculant, Water Hyacinth Composts and DAP Fertilizer in a Field Infested with Aphis fabae and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
    (Springer, 2021-11-10) Naluyange, Victoria; Ochieno, Dennis M. W.; Wandahwa, Philip; Maingi, John M.; Ombori, Omwoyo; Mukaminega, Dative; Amoding, Alice; Odendo, Martins; Muoma, John V. O.
    The production of beans in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa has been declining while the water hyacinth has been invasively spreading in the lake. These are understood to be effects of nitrogen (N) loss among other nutrients from land and their deposition into the lake resulting in eutrophication. To mitigate these problems, bean seeds are being inoculated with Rhizobium inoculants to fix nitrogen as an alternative to fertilizers in maintaining soil nitrogen; while water hyacinth biomass is processed into composts to enrich soil fertility. The present study evaluates the growth and yield of Rhizobium inoculated seeds when grown without fertilizer (control), with diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), or supplied with water hyacinth composts containing cattle manure culture (H + CMC) or effective microbes (H + EM). Infestations by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae and the anthracnose disease infestations caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on these bean plants were also assessed. Root nodulation was found to be higher in Rhizobium inoculated plants grown with H + EM (20 nodules) and those without fertilizer (19 nodules) when compared to controls (7 nodules). In DAP treated plants, the germination percentage was low, growth rate slow, with few root nodules, flowers and pods, resulting in reduced yield. The differences between treatments for anthracnose disease incidence were similar to those of root nodules; while aphid populations did not vary between the treatments. The results of the present study do not offer a reliable basis for the application of water hyacinth composts and Rhizobium in improving the yields of Mwitemania beans. This is very likely because the soils were relatively fertile; N-fixation by Rhizobium is more efficient in unfertile soils. Better results may be achieved in soils of low fertility especially those deficient in nitrogen, hence conducive for N-fixation.