Sustainable Agriculture

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    Adoption, constraints and economic returns of paddy rice under the system of rice intensification in Mwea, Kenya
    (Elsevier, 2013-11-01) Ndiiri, J. A.; Mati, B. M.; Home, P. G.; Odongo, B.; Uphoff, N.
    A detailed farm survey was conducted in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya during the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 main growing seasons to assess the adoption and to quantify the net income advantages of using system of rice intensification (SRI) management over farmer practices (FP) for rice cultivation. Data were collected through questionnaires and structured interviews with farmers who were practicing both SRI and FP methods of rice production on their farms. Under FP, three seedlings aged 28 days are transplanted in respective hills at random spacing. The fields are then flooded with water throughout the growing period. For SRI practice, factors considered as essential were transplanting only one seedling per hill aged 8–15 days with spacing of at least 20cm by 20cm; weeding the crop at least three times at intervals of ten days; and intermittently irrigating the fields. The contributions of using organic manure for fertilization and soil-aeration weed control methods were not considerations in this study since the availability of organic materials and mechanical push-weeders were challenges at the time of study. A total of 40 farmers in 10 units out of the 50 SRI farmers from 18 units of the irrigation scheme were sampled. Benefit–cost relationships were estimated using tabular analysis of all the variable costs and income from production using the survey data. On average, yield under SRI management increased by 1.6t/ha (33%), with seed requirements reduced by 87% and, water savings of 28%. SRI required 9% more labor than FP on average, but this factor of production showed great variability; in three Mwea units, labor costs were reduced by an average of 13%. SRI required 30% more labor for weeding than FP in the first season, but this was reduced to 15% in the second season when push-weeders became available. The results showed SRI giving a higher benefit–cost ratio of 1.76 and 1.88 in the first and second seasons, respectively, compared to 1.3 and 1.35 for FP. The results indicated that SRI practices of planting younger seedlings, with wider spacing and intermittent irrigation, lead to increased paddy rice yields with concomitant rise in the income accruing to farmers. Possibly further increases in net benefit could come with enhanced availability of mechanical weeders and using organic material for fertilization. Up-scaling of SRI in Mwea can be expected to help achieve greater national and household food security