Food Security

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Browsing Food Security by Subject "Adaptation"

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    Understanding Genotype × Environment Interactions in Potato Production to Guide Variety Adoption and Future Breeding Strategies
    (Springer Link, 2023) Kwambai, Thomas K.; Struik, Paul C.; Gorman, Monica; Nyongesa, Moses; Rop, Wilfred; Kemboi, Edward; Griffin, Denis
    Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a versatile crop given its adaptation, production capacity and utilization, and therefore valuable in many different countries. In Kenya, potato is mainly grown by smallholder farmers for food and cash. Access to quality seed of adapted and acceptable varieties was limited. This led to public–private partnerships with European seed companies working independently or with their Kenyan counterparts in introducing high-quality seed of new varieties. Some of these showed improved yield, quality and disease resistance. However, some European varieties were less adapted to the short photoperiods prevailing in Kenya than the late blight-resistant elite clones from South America, introduced by the International Potato Center (CIP). Traits that influence genotype adaptation can aid breeding cultivars or support their recommendation for certain production areas, but such traits have not been studied in detail for Kenya. This study sought to understand the adaptation of 50 contrasting genotypes from Europe, CIP and Kenya and the traits driving adaptation to four seasons and three altitudes. Genotypes showed a wide range of yields in all environments studied. The factor genotype explained most of the variance for total tuber yield (71.2%), plant height (49.3%) and area under the disease progress curve (25.1%) based on the Wald statistic, followed by season and the genotype by altitude interaction. Other traits studied hardly contributed to the understanding of the responses to the twelve testing environments. However, the largest proportions of variances for days to 50% emergence, days to maturity and canopy cover were accounted for by altitude.