Browsing by Author "Ruth Musila"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    Forecasting the Population Development of within-Season Insect Crop Pests in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Pest Risk Information Service
    (Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 2024-01-22) Day Charlotte; Sean T Murphy; Jon Styles; Bryony Taylor; Tim Beale; William Holland; Frances William; Andy Shaw; Cambria Finegold; MaryLucy Oronje; Birgitta Oppong-Mensah; Noah Phiri; Alyssa Lowry; Elizabeth A Finch; Josephine Mahony; Suzy Wood; Léna Durocher-Granger; Duncan Chacha; Norbert Maczey; Pablo Gonzalez-Moreno; Sarah E Thomas; Joe Beeken; Jane Lewis; Gerado Lopez Saldana; Solomon Duah; Mary Bundi; Lusike Wasilwa; Ruth Amata; Ruth Musila; Daniel Mutisya; Christine K Gitonga; Patrick Kalama; Johnson O Nyasani; Matthews Matimelo; Henry Mgomba; Christopher Gaitu; Christopher Ocloo; Isaac Adjei-Mensah; Godfried Ohene-Mensah; Jerry Asalma Nboyine; Blessings Susuwele
    Smallholder farmers are the mainstay of the agricultural economies of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where they produce several crops, predominantly centered on maize. Smallholder productivity remains limited resulting from a range of confounding factors, but a primary cause is loss from pests and diseases, particularly insects. To improve productivity, recommendations for the mitigation of crop loss globally include early-warning and management systems for in-season indigenous pests. There are many early-warning systems in temperate regions; however, such systems are poorly established in Africa. This is in part due to the need for a combination of pest modeling, data handling and dissemination infrastructure, capacity, and resource provision. While each of these components is progressing in Africa, the means to successfully deploy such systems remain limited. To bridge this, the development of the Pest Risk Information Service (PRISE) began in 2017 for farmers in SSA. Implemented in Kenya, Ghana, Malawi, and Zambia, PRISE developed temperature-driven phenology models for major maize, bean, and tomato pests. Using downscaled and processed Earth Observation data to drive the models, PRISE partnered with African national agencies to communicate pre- and in-season pest alerts that forecast the time to act against key insect pests. Alerts were designed to be integrated into country-specific Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) recommendations to provide a complementary package to agricultural stakeholders. End line studies with farmers showed that those who received information about the target crops including PRISE pest forecasts, generally reported better outcomes in terms of reduced losses and increased incomes compared with farmers who did not.
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    Yield stability of stem borer resistant maize hybrids evaluated in regional trials in East Africa
    (2012-01-27) Yoseph Beyene; Stephen Mugo; Tadele Tefera; James Gethi; John Gakunga; Samuel Ajanga; Haron Karaya; Ruth Musila; Wilson Muasya; Regina Tende; Stephen Njoka
    Twenty-seven stem borer-resistant maize hybrids and three checks were evaluated in 14 locations in Kenya and Ethiopia to study the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability. An analysis of variance was conducted for grain yield, number of days to silking, plant height, ear height and grain moisture content, and reaction to turcicum leaf blight, gray leaf spot, maize streak virus diseases and common rust. The yield stability and adaptation pattern of genotypes were examined with genotype plus genotype x environment (GGE) interaction biplot. Variations due to location, genotype and GEI effects were highly significant for all traits. Location variance among the hybrids was the most important source of variation for all traits, accounting for 58 to 90% of the total variance. The genotypic variance was higher than the GEI variance for turcicum leaf blight, plant height and silking date. The GEI variance was higher than the genotypic variance for grain yield, ear height, gray leaf spot, common rust and grain moisture content. The GGE biplot showed that 50% of the entries had positive PC1 scores suggesting above average performance, and 50% of them had negative PC1 scores indicating below average performance. Based on the mean grain yield and stability parameters, hybrid CKIR07003 (5.5 t/ha), CKIR07004 (5.5 t/ha) and CKIR07005 (5.6 t /ha) were identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes, and could be nominated for national performance trials for commercial release in various countries.