Publication: Common Peri Parturient Diseases, Disorders and Levels of Serum Nutritional Elements of One Humped Female Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Northern Kenya
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2025
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National Research Fund (NRF)
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Science publishing group
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Abstract
Camel rearing systems in the Arid and Semi Arid lands are undergoing significant changes, particularly around trading centers.
More intensive camel production practices are replacing traditional extensive production systems. A cross-sectional study was
conducted in Burat Ward, Isiolo County for intensive production systems and Laisamis, Marsabit County (extensive production
systems). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of common peri-parturient diseases and assess whether
production systems and physiological status influence variations in serum levels of glucose, calcium, and magnesium. Data
collection methods included focus group discussions, structured interviews, and blood sample analysis. The data were analyzed
using descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, and Analysis of Variance. Results revealed that the prevalence of common
diseases were higher in Laisamis (13.32-27%) than in Burat (4.59-12.06%). Likewise, gross mortality was higher in Laisamis
(37.39%) than Burat (7.09%). Serum glucose levels were significantly lower in peri-parturient camels (3.91 and 4.45 mmol/L)
compared to those in ordinary physiological status (6.09 mmol/L). Calcium levels remained consistent across physiological
statuses and production systems (10.62-11.39 mg/dl). Magnesium levels were similar across physiological statuses but varied
depending on the production system, they were higher in Burat (2.91-3.08 mg/dl) than Laisamis (2.46-2.71mg/dl). Most of the
camels had below, normal and above normal levels of serum glucose, calcium and magnesium respectively. This was an
indication that magnesium levels are influenced by dietary availability rather than physiological status. Malnutrition was the
leading cause of death around parturition, primarily driven by negative energy balance. Blood glucose levels were found to
depend on the physiological status of the camel, while calcium levels are tightly regulated by homeostatic mechanisms.
Magnesium levels, however, depend on dietary intake. The study recommends improving camel nutrition during late pregnancy
and early lactation to reduce the risk of metabolic and nutritional disorders.