Publication: MITIGATION OF IN-DOOR AIR POLLUTION AND GREEN HOUSE GASES BY USE OF RETROFITTED PRESSURE LAMP UTILIZING STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL
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2014
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NACOSTI
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Abstract
The potential of traditional fossil fuels to be exhausted has increased of late. This has affected the many
sectors of the economy which rely on petroleum products. Apart from depletion of fossil fuel and escalating oil
prices, there is also need to conserve the environment to reduce global warming, ozone layer depletion, and
climate change. This will reduce health issues associated with pollutant emissions from fossil fuel use. Among
the efforts being made is the search for alternative renewable fuels. The objectives of the study were to study
the performance characteristics of pressure lamps while using pure kerosene, kerosene-straight vegetable oil
(SVO) blends and finally to modify the pressure lamp to utilize higher SVO/ kerosene blends. The performance
of unmodified lamp was investigated and compared to that of a retrofitted pressure lamp utilizing straight
vegetable oil/kerosene blends at 1.5 bar, 2.0 bar and 2.5 bar lamp pressure. Light output, carbon monoxide
(CO) emission, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, particulate matter (PM) emission, fuel consumption and heat
generated were compared. Using a portable air compressor, air regulators and hoses, the lamps were
maintained at constant pressures. Carbon dioxide data logger was used to monitor and record CO2 in real time.
Easy Log carbon monoxide data logger was used to record carbon monoxide concentrations. University of
Caronia, Barkley (UCB) particle monitor was used to monitor and record particulate matter in the room. Light
output was measured using lux meters. Heat generated was measured using thermocouple. The unmodified
lamp handled a maximum of 30% blend. Retrofitted lamp had an average of 17% CO reduction, 18%
particulate matter reduction, 5.5% fuel consumption reduction, 10% temperature reduction, 5% CO2 increase
while light output increased between 11% and 23% compared to the unmodified pressure lamp. In conclusion,
the retrofitted pressure lamp utilizing SVO was designed and fabricated. This lamp emitted comparatively
more light and CO2 but less PM and CO than the unmodified lamp at all pressures and fuel blends. The fuel
consumed increased with increase in lamp pressure for both lamps. It is recommended that the lamps be
tested in households to compare the outcome with the lab results. Further work should also be done to
improve atomization of the fuel in lamps. Other emissions like NOx, and SOx should also be measured.
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Keywords
: Straight vegetable oil blends, pressure lamp, light, pollutant, emissions