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Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize and Groundnut in Burundi: Distribution of Contamination, Identification of Causal Agents and Potential Biocontrol Genotypes of Aspergillus Flavus

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dc.contributor.authorNsabiyumva Gedeon
dc.contributor.authorMutegi Charity K
dc.contributor.authorWagacha John M
dc.contributor.authorMohamed Asha B
dc.contributor.authorNjeru Nancy K
dc.contributor.authorNdayihanzamaso Privat
dc.contributor.authorNiyuhire Marie C
dc.contributor.authorJoseph Atehnkeng
dc.contributor.authorNjukwe Emmanuel
dc.contributor.authorCallicott Kenneth A
dc.contributor.authorCotty Peter J
dc.contributor.authorOrtega-Beltran Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay Ranajit
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-05T12:59:42Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionArticle
dc.description.abstractAflatoxin contamination of the staples maize and groundnut is a concern for health and economic impacts across sub-Saharan Africa. The current study (i) determined aflatoxin levels in maize and groundnut collected at harvest in Burundi, (ii) characterized populations of Aspergillus section Flavi associated with the two crops, and (iii) assessed aflatoxin-producing potentials among the recovered fungi. A total of 120 groundnut and 380 maize samples were collected at harvest from eight and 16 provinces, respectively. Most of the groundnut (93%) and maize (87%) contained aflatoxin below the European Union threshold, 4 μg/kg. Morphological characterization of the recovered Aspergillus section Flavi fungi revealed that the L-morphotype of A. flavus was the predominant species. Aflatoxin production potentials of the L-morphotype isolates were evaluated in maize fermentations. Some isolates produced over 137,000 μg/kg aflatoxin B1. Thus, despite the relatively low aflatoxin levels at harvest, the association of both crops with highly toxigenic fungi poses significant risk of post-harvest aflatoxin contamination and suggests measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in Burundi should be developed. Over 55% of the L-morphotype A. flavus did not produce aflatoxins. These atoxigenic L-morphotype fungi were characterized using molecular markers. Several atoxigenic genotypes were detected across the country and could be used as biocontrol agents. The results from the current study hold promise for developing aflatoxin management strategies centered on biocontrol for use in Burundi to reduce aflatoxin contamination throughout the value chain.
dc.description.sponsorshipUSAID
dc.identifier.citationNsabiyumva, G., Mutegi, C. K., Wagacha, J. M., Mohamed, A. B., Njeru, N. K., Ndayihanzamaso, P., ... & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2023). Aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnut in Burundi: Distribution of contamination, identification of causal agents and potential biocontrol genotypes of Aspergillus flavus. Frontiers in microbiology, 14, 1106543.
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106543/full
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.nrf.go.ke/handle/123456789/1127
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontier
dc.subjectAflatoxin contamination
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectGroundnut
dc.subjectBurundi
dc.subjectDistribution
dc.subjectCausal agents
dc.subjectAspergillus flavus
dc.subjectBiocontrol
dc.subjectGenotypes
dc.subjectFungi
dc.titleAflatoxin Contamination of Maize and Groundnut in Burundi: Distribution of Contamination, Identification of Causal Agents and Potential Biocontrol Genotypes of Aspergillus Flavus
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication

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