FINGERPRINTING AND RELATING JUVENILE CHARACTERS OF RICE TO YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN KIAMBU AND KIRINYAGA COUNTIES
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Date
2019-02
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Abstract
Rice is increasing as an important food and cash crop in Kenya and is third to maize and
wheat in terms of consumption. Consumption has continually outstripped production
resulting in massive importation. The main problem affecting productivity involves lack
of proper information on best storage time, use of poor quality seed, varietal admixtures
which has contributed to low yields. There is need to characterize genotypes.
Microsatellit are useful in various plant genetic studies and plant characrerization.
Accelerated aging is considered an excellent option as a vigor test due to shortest time of
acquisition and efficient results. In the proposed study, seed quality experiments
including germination, dormancy, purity, were carried out in the laboratory using eight
rice varieties in a Completely Randomized Design. Accelerated ageing tests at 0,24,48
and 72hrs(45oC and 98%RH) were carried out JKUAT post-harvest laboratory using
eight rice varieties‟ in four replications of100 seeds each. Data was collected on dates to
plumule and radical emergence and height. Five varieties were used to produce seeds
which were stored for 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 months respectively. The seedlings were
transplanted into fields in a Randomized Complete Block Design using 5*6 factorial
arrangement. The study also determined the relationship between juvenile characters and
adult characters of rice in Kiambu and Kirinyaga counties. All the data were analyzed
using GENSTAT statistical package. ANOVA and LSD at 5% significant level. Seed
quality results showed that There was significant variation in both coleorrhiza and
coleoptile formation among rice varieties (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.001) and interaction
between rice varieties and treatment ((p<0.001). The difference between all treatments
was significant with 72 hours treatment having the highest number of days to coleorhiza
and coleoptile formation. Results showed that the effect of genotype on coleorhiza and
colleoptille formation was significant (p<0.001). Genotype B317 had the earliest
colleoptile formation 8.75days, coleorhiza formation (9.81), B317 also had the highest
germination percentages at 7(33.69), 14 (52.44) and at 21 days after sowing (56.62).
Mzungu had the latest number of days to coleorhizae (12.44), coleoptiles (11.18) and
lowest germination percentages at 14(27.52) and 21days (31.31). The genotype had
significant effect on germination index, seed length and seedling vigor index. In Mwea,
there was a significant effect of storage time on germination, with 4 months giving the
highest seedling vigor index (673.6), height at 1 month after transplanting (73.3cm),
height at maturity (72.3cm) and 3 months giving the highest days to flowering(58.87)
.The interaction between storage time and genotype on was significant, with genotype
B217 stored for 3 months leading in height at one month after transplanting (87.7),
height at maturity(91.8cm) .in Kiambu.The interaction between storage time and
genotype was significant with 5months of storage having the highest seedling vigor index
(759.5), 1000grain weight (69) and yield (15.5kg/ha). Analysis of molecular variance
results indicated that the five polymorphic markers used in this study showed a total of 11
alleles across the loci of the 18 rice genotypes studied. Juvenile characters such as
seedling vigor and height at transplanting had a positive and significant correlation to
1000grain weight.Genotypes TXD and B217 were identified by the 5 markers. TXD
(Saro 5) was the best fit for fingerprinting as it was identified by only 1 marker. These
results could be used in preparing rice seed certification procedures, in gene bank
management and other seed storage ventures.